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Article

Smoking and two human leukocyte antigen genes interact to increase the risk for multiple sclerosis.

Brain : a journal of neurology - 1 Mar 2011

Hedström Anna Karin, Sundqvist Emilie, Bäärnhielm Maria, Nordin Nina, Hillert Jan, Kockum Ingrid, Olsson Tomas, Alfredsson Lars

Abstract excerpt

Both genetic and environmental factors display low or modest associations with multiple sclerosis. Hypothetically, gene-environment interactions may exert much stronger effects. In this study, we investigated potential interactions between genetic risk factors and smoking in relation to risk of developing multiple sclerosis. A population-based case-control study involving incident cases of multiple sclerosis (843...

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PMID: 21303861
DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq371

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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