Gene-environment interaction between the DRB1 shared epitope and smoking in the risk of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis: all alleles are important.

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: An interaction effect for developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was previously observed between HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles and smoking. We aimed to further investigate this interaction between distinct SE alleles and smoking regarding the risk of developing RA with and without anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). METHODS: We used data regarding smoking habits and HLA-DRB1 genotypes...

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