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Article

A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis and rheumatism - 1 Oct 2004

Padyukov Leonid, Silva Camilla, Stolt Patrik, Alfredsson Lars, Klareskog Lars

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: The main genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the shared epitope (SE) of HLA-DR, while smoking is an important environmental risk factor. We studied a potential gene-environment interaction between SE genes and smoking in the etiology of the 2 major subgroups of RA: rheumatoid factor (RF)-seropositive and RF-seronegative disease. METHODS: A population-based case-control study involving...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Identifiers

PMID: 15476204
DOI: 10.1002/art.20553

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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