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Article

CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolism and morphine/codeine ratios in blood: was it codeine or heroin?

Journal of analytical toxicology - 1 Mar 2008

He Y J, Brockmöller J, Schmidt H, Roots I, Kirchheiner J

Abstract excerpt

The concentration ratio of morphine (Mor) over codeine (Cod) in opiate positive blood samples is used to discriminate between the use of illegal heroin (high ratios) and therapeutic codeine (low ratios). However, genetically caused CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolism might lead to Mor/Cod comparable to...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Identifiers

PMID: 18334103
DOI: 10.1093/jat/32.2.178

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 4 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-18334103-2026-09-04.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-04.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 4 Sept 2026.

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