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Article

CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolism and morphine/codeine ratios in blood: was it codeine or heroin?

Journal of analytical toxicology - 1 Mar 2008

He Y J, Brockmöller J, Schmidt H, Roots I, Kirchheiner J

Abstract excerpt

The concentration ratio of morphine (Mor) over codeine (Cod) in opiate positive blood samples is used to discriminate between the use of illegal heroin (high ratios) and therapeutic codeine (low ratios). However, genetically caused CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolism might lead to Mor/Cod comparable to heroin intake. A single oral dose of 30 mg codeine was administered to 11 CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers (UMs) and 12...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy Delete account & data About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 18334103
DOI: 10.1093/jat/32.2.178

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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