Article
Cigarette smoking, disease severity and autoantibody expression in African Americans with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases - 1 Nov 2008
Mikuls T R, Hughes L B, Westfall A O, Holers V M, Parrish L, van der Heijde D, van Everdingen M, Alarcón G S, Conn D L, Jonas B, Callahan L F, Smith E A, Gilkeson G, Howard G, Moreland L W, Bridges S L
Abstract excerpt
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of smoking with clinical and serological features in African Americans with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to explore whether this association is dependent on the presence of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE). METHODS: In African Americans with recent-onset RA (n = 300), we examined the association of cigarette smoking (current versus past versus never and...
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