Loading publication...

Noodle always counts identifier-free feature events for service operation. With your permission, Google Analytics can also estimate audience and engagement. Search text, publication identifiers, cookies, IP addresses and browser fingerprints are never included in Noodle's first-party event counters.

Privacy details

Article

Type 1 diabetes is insulin -2221 MspI and CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphism dependent.

European journal of clinical investigation - 1 Aug 2004

Haller K, Kisand K, Nemvalts V, Laine A-P, Ilonen J, Uibo R

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated an association of type 1 diabetes with specific alleles of HLA class II molecules, as with polymorphisms of insulin gene region. The aim of our study was to evaluate the interaction of insulin -2221 MspI polymorphism to type 1 diabetes susceptibility in connection with autoimmunity associated gene--CTLA-4 polymorphism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Insulin -2221 MspI C/T and...

Topics

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antigens, CD
Antigens, Differentiation
CTLA-4 Antigen
Case-Control Studies
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genotype
Humans

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Insulin

Male

Middle Aged

Polymorphism, Genetic

Risk Factors

Source

Identifiers

PMID: 15305888
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2004.01385.x

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 31 Aug 2026.

Community interpretation

Discuss the evidence

Ask a question, add context or challenge an interpretation. Community activity is separate from scientific evidence strength.

0

discussions

0

replies

Citations encouraged

Claims remain attributable.

No discussion yet

Be the first to add a careful, cited interpretation.

Related research

Semantic proximity does not establish scientific evidence.

Research trail→

Click a neighbor to travelStep 1 · 12 closest

Type 1 diabetes is insulin -2221 MspI and CTLA-4 +49 A/G polymorphism dependent.PMID 15305888Read ↗

Insulin gene VNTR polymorphisms -2221MspI and -23HphI are associated with type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a meta-analysis.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Type 1 diabetes susceptibility determined by HLA alleles and CTLA-4 and insulin genes polymorphisms in Brazilians.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Insulin gene polymorphisms in type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease and the polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II.Semantic proximity Read ↗

LADA and T1D in Estonian population - two different genetic risk profiles.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Joint effects of HLA, INS, PTPN22 and CTLA4 genes on the risk of type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Impact of genetic and non-genetic factors in type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Non-HLA type 1 diabetes genes modulate disease risk together with HLA-DQ and islet autoantibodies.Semantic proximity Read ↗

The human leukocyte antigen genotype has a modest effect on the insulin gene polymorphism-associated susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in the Finnish population.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Association of HLA class II alleles and CTLA-4 polymorphism with type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Insulin VNTR I/III genotype is associated with autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Similarity of HLA-DQ profiles in adult-onset type 1 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without extra-pancreatic auto-immune disease.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Biochemical, serological, and genetic aspects related to gene HLA-DQB1 and its association with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Semantic proximity Read ↗

⌁Select a neighboring publication to make it the new centre.