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Article

Joint effects of HLA, INS, PTPN22 and CTLA4 genes on the risk of type 1 diabetes.

Diabetologia - 1 Apr 2008

Bjørnvold M, Undlien D E, Joner G, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Njølstad P R, Akselsen H E, Gervin K, Rønningen K S, Stene L C

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND/HYPOTHESIS: HLA, INS, PTPN22 and CTLA4 are considered to be confirmed type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes. HLA, PTPN22 and CTLA4 are known to be involved in immune regulation. Few studies have systematically investigated the joint effect of multiple genetic variants. We evaluated joint effects of the four established genes on the risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. METHODS: We genotyped 421...

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 18292987
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-0932-0
PMCID: PMC2270365

Genes

PTPN22
CTLA4
INS

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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