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Article

Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein.

Nature - 13 Dec 2001

Michel T, Reichhart J M, Hoffmann J A, Royet J

Abstract excerpt

Microbial infection activates two distinct intracellular signalling cascades in the immune-responsive fat body of Drosophila. Gram-positive bacteria and fungi predominantly induce the Toll signalling pathway, whereas Gram-negative bacteria activate the Imd pathway. Loss-of-function mutants in either pathway reduce the resistance to corresponding infections. Genetic screens have identified a range of genes...

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PMID: 11742401
DOI: 10.1038/414756a

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

Related research

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Research trail→

Click a neighbor to travelStep 1 · 12 closest

Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein.PMID 11742401Read ↗

The Drosophila immune response against Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by a peptidoglycan recognition protein.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Activation of Drosophila Toll during fungal infection by a blood serine protease.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Negative regulation by amidase PGRPs shapes the Drosophila antibacterial response and protects the fly from innocuous infection.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: on and off switches for innate immunitySemantic proximity Read ↗

Dual activation of the Drosophila toll pathway by two pattern recognition receptors.Semantic proximity Read ↗

A single modular serine protease integrates signals from pattern-recognition receptors upstream of the Drosophila Toll pathway.Semantic proximity Read ↗

In vivo RNA interference analysis reveals an unexpected role for GNBP1 in the defense against Gram-positive bacterial infection in Drosophila adults.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LE and PGRP-LC act synergistically in Drosophila immunity.Semantic proximity Read ↗

Requirement for a peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) in Relish activation and antibacterial immune responses in Drosophila.Semantic proximity Read ↗

The Circulating Protease Persephone Is an Immune Sensor for Microbial Proteolytic Activities Upstream of the Drosophila Toll PathwaySemantic proximity Read ↗

Bacterial autolysins trim cell surface peptidoglycan to prevent detection by the Drosophila innate immune systemSemantic proximity Read ↗

Cutting edge: the toll pathway is required for resistance to gram-positive bacterial infections in Drosophila.Semantic proximity Read ↗

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