Article

Differential effects of BCG-Russia and BCG-TICE on trained immunity: potential implications for bladder cancer immunotherapy

2026-04-21

Abstract excerpt

In recent years, immunotherapy of patients with higher-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in North America has relied on the use of the TICE strain of BCG. However, limitations in the supply chain have warranted investigation of the therapeutic benefit of other strains of BCG, such as BCG-Russia. Trained immunity, a form of innate immune memory, is now widely believed to be an important component of t...

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Literature Corpus work: a8cc44c4-13cb-51e8-8069-e62ba47dfb26
DOI: 10.64898/2026.04.17.719184

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