Article

A Hierarchical Spatial Graph Neural Network Resolves Immunogenic and Tolerogenic Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Renal Cell Carcinoma

2026-04-08

Abstract excerpt

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the tumour microenvironment span a functional spectrum from immunogenic — driving germinal centre reactions and anti-tumour immunity — to tolerogenic, harbouring regulatory T cells and suppressive myeloid populations. Distinguishing these states is clinically critical: immunogenic TLS predict ICI response whereas tolerogenic TLS may promote immune evasion. Bulk transcriptomics...

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Literature Corpus work: 02bdd1f6-c9a3-5b58-9440-b417b7649f5a
DOI: 10.64898/2026.04.07.717084

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