Antiretroviral therapy blocks natural selection on protective and disease-susceptible HLA-B alleles in HIV-1 infection.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2502683123

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Article

Antiretroviral therapy blocks natural selection on protective and disease-susceptible HLA-B alleles in HIV-1 infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 12 May 2026

Herbert Nicholas G, Cromhout Gabriela, Bengu Nomonde, Fillis Rowena, Kannie Samantha, van Lobenstein Jeroen, Chinniah Kogielambal, Kapongo Constant, Bhoola Roopesh, Krishna Malini, Mchunu Noxolo, Arumugam Thilona, Dong Krista, Gupta Sunetra, Brander Christian, Carrington Mary, Ndung'u Thumbi, Ramsuran Veron, Penman Bridget S, Goulder Philip J R

Abstract excerpt

MHC polymorphism is explained by natural selection driven by the MHC-dependent impact of certain infections, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. However, examples of human disease driving this process are rare. We evaluated the impact of HIV-1 in altering HLA-I frequencies in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and the influence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on this process. In a historical...

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Identifiers

PMID: 42044322
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2502683123
PMCID: PMC13168542

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