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Article

Genetic Alterations Involved in Immune Escape Mechanisms of Circulating Tumour Cells in Colorectal Carcinogenesis.

Cancer medicine - 1 Mar 2026

Aktar Sharmin, Masoudi Matthew, Moti Dilpreet, Gopalan Vinod, Islam Farhadul, Lam Alfred King-Yin

Abstract excerpt

In colorectal cancer (CRC), circulating tumour cells (CTCs) employ genetic alterations to dodge the body's immune system. These alterations occur in specific "driver" genes, including KRAS, BRAF, p53, MYC, APC and PTEN. Changes in these genes can control how the tumour interacts with the immune system and influence the expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4 and CD47. These...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 41834250
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.71683
PMCID: PMC13093708

Genes

APC
BRAF
CD47
KRAS
MYC
PTEN

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 8 Sept 2026.

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