Fetal Hemoglobin Modulation in Sickle Cell Disease: βs Haplotypes, Key Polymorphisms Identified by GWAS, and Advances in γ-Globin Editing: An Updated Overview.

doi:10.3390/genes17020135

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Article

Fetal Hemoglobin Modulation in Sickle Cell Disease: βs Haplotypes, Key Polymorphisms Identified by GWAS, and Advances in γ-Globin Editing: An Updated Overview.

Genes - 27 Jan 2026

Márquez-Benitez Yusselfy, Osorio-Garzón Valeria Isabela, Bernal-Villegas Jaime Eduardo, Briceño-Balcázar Ignacio

Abstract excerpt

Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) plays a central role in mitigating the pathophysiological effects of sickle cell disease (SCD). Understanding the genetic determinants influencing HbF expression is essential for identifying the factors contributing to its modulation. This review provides an updated synthesis of evidence on HbF modulation, focusing on βs haplotypes and their molecular characterization through Sanger...