Article
Spatial-reprogramming derived GPNMB+ macrophages interact with COL6A3+ fibroblasts to enhance vascular fibrosis in glioblastoma
31 Oct 2025
Abstract excerpt
Abstract Background Neoadjuvant therapy plays an important role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), but a considerable proportion of patients remain unresponsive to the combination of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and antiangiogenic therapy. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance to this treatment and developing novel therapeutic strategies are crucial. Methods We integrate extensive...
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