Article
Functional diversity in GII.4 norovirus entry: HBGA binding and capsid clustering dynamics.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 7 Oct 2025
Ayyar B Vijayalakshmi, Apostol Carmen V, Dave Janam Jitendra, Kaundal Soni, Kendra Joseph A, Neill Frederick H, Ettayebi Khalil, Maher Sarah, Anish Ramakrishnan, Parra Gabriel I, Larson Göran, Atmar Robert L, Crawford Sue E, Prasad B V Venkataram, Estes Mary K
Abstract excerpt
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs), especially GII.4 strains, are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide, yet no approved vaccines or antivirals exist. The pandemic GII.4 Sydney 2012 strain enters cells via membrane wounding and clathrin-independent carrier-mediated endocytosis, but it is unclear whether this entry mechanism is conserved across GII.4 variants. We compared early binding and entry of...
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