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Spike substitutions E484D, P812R and Q954H mediate ACE2-independent entry of SARS-CoV-2 across different cell lines

1 Aug 2025

Abstract excerpt

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has evolved into variants with multiple spike protein coding mutations that affect its transmissibility, infectivity, and immune evasion, in particular from neutralizing antibodies. Several of these amino acid changes have been associated with reduced dependency on the principal angiotensin converting...

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PMID: 40749010
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0326419

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