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The CD163 + tissue-infiltrating macrophages regulate ferroptosis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy orbital fibroblasts via the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway

10 Apr 2025

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a thyroid function-related, organ-specific autoimmune disease that primarily leads to specific reactive changes and tissue remodeling in the periocular region. The exact pathogenesis of TAO remains unclear. METHODS: High-throughput gene expression datasets related to TAO were comprehensively retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, selecting...

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PMID: 40211281
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-025-06443-0

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