Factorial Mendelian randomization of lipoprotein (a) lowering, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, and lifestyle improvements: joint associations with cardiovascular risk.

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: High levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the effects of Lp(a)-lowering therapy in combination with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering treatment or lifestyle improvements on CVD risk remain unexplored. METHODS: We conducted a factorial Mendelian randomization study among 385 917 participants in the UK...

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