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Article

Carbon Monoxide Regulates Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization toward the M2 Phenotype through Upregulation of Heme Oxygenase 1.

Cells - 7 Dec 2021

Kang In-Soon, Kim Rang-Ie, Kim Chaekyun

Abstract excerpt

Carbon monoxide (CO) is generated by heme oxygenase (HO), and HO-1 is highly induced in monocytes and macrophages upon stimulation. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages, including pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) cells, in response to environmental signals. The present study investigated whether CO modulates macrophage differentiation and polarization, by applying the CO-releasing molecule-3...

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Identifiers

PMID: 34943953
DOI: 10.3390/cells10123444
PMCID: PMC8700076

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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