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Article

Bias in two-sample Mendelian randomization when using heritable covariable-adjusted summary associations.

International journal of epidemiology - 10 Nov 2021

Hartwig Fernando Pires, Tilling Kate, Davey Smith George, Lawlor Deborah A, Borges Maria Carolina

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) allows the use of freely accessible summary association results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to estimate causal effects of modifiable exposures on outcomes. Some GWAS adjust for heritable covariables in an attempt to estimate direct effects of genetic variants on the trait of interest. One, both or neither of the exposure GWAS and outcome GWAS may...

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Identifiers

PMID: 33619569
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa266
PMCID: PMC8580279

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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