Article
The ability of plasma cotinine to predict nicotine and carcinogen exposure is altered by differences in CYP2A6: the influence of genetics, race, and sex.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology - 1 Apr 2013
Zhu Andy Z X, Renner Caroline C, Hatsukami Dorothy K, Swan Gary E, Lerman Caryn, Benowitz Neal L, Tyndale Rachel F
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, is a biomarker of tobacco, nicotine, and carcinogen exposure. However, a given cotinine level may not represent the same tobacco exposure; for example, African-Americans have higher cotinine levels than Caucasians after controlling for exposure. METHODS: Cotinine levels are determined by the amount of cotinine formation and the rate of cotinine removal, which are both...
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