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Article

Canalization of the evolutionary trajectory of the human influenza virus.

BMC biology - 30 Apr 2012

Bedford Trevor, Rambaut Andrew, Pascual Mercedes

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Since its emergence in 1968, influenza A (H3N2) has evolved extensively in genotype and antigenic phenotype. However, despite strong pressure to evolve away from human immunity and to diversify in antigenic phenotype, H3N2 influenza shows paradoxically limited genetic and antigenic diversity present at any one time. Here, we propose a simple model of antigenic evolution in the influenza virus that...

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 22546494
DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-38
PMCID: PMC3373370

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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