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Article

Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of neural tube defects

26 Aug 2009

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Animal studies demonstrate teratogenic effects of caffeine, whereas human studies are inconclusive. METHODS: Associations between maternal caffeine consumption and neural tube defects (NTDs) by type of NTD (anencephaly, spina bifida, or encephalocele) were examined using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). Total average daily caffeine from coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate...

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PMID: 19711421
DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20624

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