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Article

Estrogen directly activates AID transcription and function.

The Journal of experimental medicine - 16 Jan 2009

Pauklin Siim, Sernández Isora V, Bachmann Gudrun, Ramiro Almudena R, Petersen-Mahrt Svend K

Abstract excerpt

The immunological targets of estrogen at the molecular, humoral, and cellular level have been well documented, as has estrogen's role in establishing a gender bias in autoimmunity and cancer. During a healthy immune response, activation-induced deaminase (AID) deaminates cytosines at immunoglobulin (Ig) loci, initiating somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). Protein levels of nuclear...

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 19139166
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20080521
PMCID: PMC2626679

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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