Binding cooperativity in phage lambda is not sufficient to produce an effective switch.

Abstract excerpt

In the wild-type phage lambda, binding of CI to O(R)2 helps polymerase bound to P(RM) transition from a closed to open complex. Activators on other promoters increase the polymerase-DNA binding energy, or affect both the binding energy and the closed-open transition probability. Using a validated mathematical model, we show that these two modes of upregulation have very different effects on the promoter function....

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