Retinoic acid down‐regulates Tbx1 expression in vivo and in vitro

Abstract excerpt

Both Tbx1 and retinoic acid (RA) are key players in embryonic pharyngeal development; loss of Tbx1 produces DiGeorge syndrome-like phenotypes in mouse models as does disruption of retinoic acid homeostasis. We have demonstrated that perturbation of retinoic acid levels in the avian embryo produces altered Tbx1 expression. In vitamin A-deficient quails, which lack endogenous retinoic acid, Tbx1 expression patterns...

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