Article
Latent transforming growth factor-beta activation in mammary gland: regulation by ovarian hormones affects ductal and alveolar proliferation.
The American journal of pathology - 1 Jun 2002
Ewan Kenneth B, Shyamala Gopalan, Ravani Shraddha A, Tang Yang, Akhurst Rosemary, Wakefield Lalage, Barcellos-Hoff Mary Helen
Abstract excerpt
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta 1) is a pluripotent cytokine that can inhibit epithelial proliferation and induce apoptosis, but is also widely implicated in breast cancer progression. Understanding its biological action in mammary development is critical for understanding its role in cancer. TGF-beta 1 is produced as a latent complex that requires extracellular activation before receptor binding. To...
Topics
- Animals
- Cell Division
- Estrogens
- Estrus
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mammary Glands, Animal
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovariectomy
- Ovary
- Phenotype
- Progesterone