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Article

p16INK4a and beta-catenin alterations in rat liver tumors induced by NNK.

Carcinogenesis - 1 Mar 2001

Pulling L C, Klinge D M, Belinsky S A

Abstract excerpt

Inactivation of the p16INK4a (p16) tumor suppressor gene by promoter hypermethylation and mutation within exon 3 of beta-catenin represent two of the more common gene alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One exposure implicated in the development of liver cancer is hepatitis B or C viral infection, which causes chronic destruction and regeneration of liver parenchyma. Treatment of rats with high...

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Identifiers

PMID: 11238187
DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.3.461

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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