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The Interaction of  Homozygote 192-bp I nsulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1) Polymorphisms and C igarette Smoking to End -stage renal disease ( ESRD)

2021-01-15

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Objective: Smoking and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are the leading public health problems in Indonesia. Smoking is a known risk factor for the development and progression of ESRD. Specific genetic polymorphisms may modify the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and may also change the inherited risk. IGF-1 CA repeat polymorphism is thought to be associated with an increased incidenc...

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Literature Corpus work
92a12194-30f2-5bcf-b54a-ebb82f8b3fd8
DOI
10.21203/rs.3.rs-145980/v1
Open publication

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The Interaction of Homozygote 192-bp I nsulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1) Polymorphisms and C igarette Smoking to End -stage renal disease ( ESRD)DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-145980/v1
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