Article

Smoking status stratifies Th 1 /Th 2 phenotypes in pre-COPD high-risk individuals: quantile-specific blood biomarkers for primary care

2026-07-06

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background</bold> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is most modifiable at the pre-COPD high-risk stage, yet early immune dysregulation remains poorly characterized, limiting the development of primary care-based early screening tools. While Th 1 /Th 2 phenotypes are well-described in established COPD, their quantile-specific distributions in...

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Literature Corpus work: 7325173c-8a67-5f64-bd12-f9e42e10f1ce
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-10083621/v1

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