Mitochondrial DNA mutations and oxidative damage in aging and diseases: an emerging paradigm of gerontology and medicine.

Abstract excerpt

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a multi-copy extra-chromosomal genetic element, which is exposed to a high steady-state level of reactive oxygen species and free radicals generated by the respiratory chain in mitochondria. Thus, it is much more vulnerable to oxidative damage and mutation than is nuclear DNA. In the past decade, more than two-dozen mutations of mtDNA have been observed in the somatic tissues of...

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