Rac1 and extracellularly regulated kinase activation are sufficient for E1A-dependent cooperative transformation of primary epithelial cells, but progression can only be modulated by E1A or Rac1.

Abstract excerpt

Ras transformation of fibroblast cell lines requires activation of multiple distinct signal pathways that act synergistically. E1A-ras cotransformation of primary epithelial cells is enhanced by distinct mutations in the second exon of E1A, resulting in "hypertransformation" and metastasis. The molecular and cellular differences in the in vitro properties of such transformed cells are characterized here....

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