Article
Mutations and polymorphisms in the p53, p21 and p16 genes in oral carcinomas of Indian betel quid chewers.
International journal of cancer - 15 Nov 1996
Heinzel P A, Balaram P, Bernard H U
Abstract excerpt
India has one of the world's highest incidences of oral cancer. It is believed that the widespread habit of betel quid chewing is an important risk factor as it exposes the oral mucosa to known carcinogens. It also induces physical abrasions, which may create mitogenic environments during wound healing as gateways for infections. A recent study from our laboratories identified human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA,...
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