Synonymous substitution-rate constants in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and their relationship to gene expression and selection pressure.

Abstract excerpt

Based on the differences in synonymous codon use between E. coli and S. typhimurium, the synonymous substitution rates can be estimated. In contrast to previous studies on the substitution rates in these two organisms, we use a kinetic model that explicitly takes the selection bias into account. The selection pressure on synonymous codons for a particular amino acid can be calculated from the observed codon bias....

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