CLOCK 3111T/C Polymorphism and Sex Moderate the Effect of Childhood Trauma on White Matter Microstructure in Bipolar Disorder.

doi:10.3390/genes17080912

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CLOCK 3111T/C Polymorphism and Sex Moderate the Effect of Childhood Trauma on White Matter Microstructure in Bipolar Disorder.

Genes - 31 Jul 2026

Nozza Federica, Bravi Beatrice, Fortaner-Uyà Lidia, Giovanelli Alessia, Paolini Marco, Lorenzi Cristina, Spadini Sara, D'Orsi Greta, Colombo Cristina, Poletti Sara, Benedetti Francesco

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by circadian rhythm disruptions, contributing to mood instability and recurrence. These rhythms are regulated by clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, including the CLOCK 3111T/C (rs1801260) polymorphism that has been linked to delayed sleep phase, insomnia, and altered circadian expression. Both circadian disruption and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)...

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PMID: 42650104
DOI: 10.3390/genes17080912
PMCID: PMC13511937

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CLOCK
ACE

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