Positive epistasis among ribosomal mutations drives high-level streptomycin resistance in Escherichia coli.

Abstract excerpt

The widespread use of antibiotics has raised serious concerns about the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Studies reveal that environmental exposures to sub-inhibitory level antibiotics and other low-level non-antibiotic pollutants can promote the development of high-level antibiotic resistance via de novo mutations. However, specific genotypes conferring strong resistance...

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