Article
Simple biological controllers drive the evolution of soft modes.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 28 Apr 2026
Russo Christopher Joel, Husain Kabir, Ranganathan Rama, Pincus David, Murugan Arvind
Abstract excerpt
Biological systems, with many interacting components, face high-dimensional environmental fluctuations, ranging from diverse nutrient deprivations to toxins, drugs, and physical stresses. Yet, many biological control mechanisms are "simple," i.e., restoring homeostasis through low-dimensional representations of the system's high-dimensional state. How do low-dimensional controllers maintain homeostasis in...
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