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Article

From disease to syndrome: the evolution of Parkinson's as a heterogeneous entity.

Current opinion in immunology - 1 Jun 2026

Kumar Kishore Raj, Wong Russell, Çakmak Özgür Öztop, Ertan Sibel

Abstract excerpt

Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly recognised as a multifactorial and heterogeneous condition rather than a single uniform disorder, supported by advances in molecular biology, genetics and pathology. This review provides a perspective on the shifting concept of PD from an idiopathic, strictly defined pathological entity to a highly heterogeneous clinical and etiopathological condition. We outline the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 41916085
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102759

Genes

PINK1
PRKN
RAB32
SNCA
VPS35

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 23 Oct 2026.

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