Causal Impact of Genetically Predicted Leptin Levels on Atrial Fibrillation Risk: Evidence from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, contributing substantially to global morbidity and mortality. Although adiposity-related adipokines such as leptin have been associated with AF, the causal direction and independence from confounding factors remain uncertain. METHODS: We applied a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to assess the causal...

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