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Article

A systematic review and critical analysis of the evidence for transmission ratio distortion in humans.

Genetics - 5 Aug 2026

Dai Ziyi, Costain Gregory

Abstract excerpt

Mendel's law of equal segregation states that during gamete formation, the 2 alleles at a gene locus segregate such that each gamete has an equal probability of containing either allele. Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) occurs when 1 of the 2 alleles from either parent is preferentially transmitted to the offspring, resulting in a deviation from the expected 1:1 ratio. Although TRD has been observed and...

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Identifiers

PMID: 41533769
DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaf271
PMCID: PMC13439706

Genes

TRD

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