Bidirectional Mendelian randomization of leukocyte counts, renal function, and Lipocalin-2 Levels: disentangling the genetic links, causal pathways and cardiovascular outcomes.

Abstract excerpt

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) level, leukocyte count (LC), and renal function are key biomarkers linked to inflammation and metabolism. We aimed to explore the genetic determinants, causal associations, and long-term outcome effects of LCN2 levels. Phenotypic associations, genome-wide association studies (GWASs), linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses for genetic...

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