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Kaurenoic Acid Suppresses Osteosarcoma Progression by Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages to M1 Phenotype.

Drug development research - 1 Nov 2025

Tang Yingzhen, Guo Yongqi, Wu Yaru, Chen Mengya, Yu Panpan, Wang Yao, Li Xue, Zhu Zihan, Qian Shihui, Zhang Jian, Li Zhenlin, Yao Nan

Abstract excerpt

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor. M2 type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the predominant infiltrating cells within the OS microenvironment and play a key role in promoting OS progression. Although kaurenoic acid (KA) has demonstrated notable antitumor properties, it remains vacant whether KA exerts its effects against OS by modulating TAM. In vitro, THP-1 monocytes...

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PMID: 41158091
DOI: 10.1002/ddr.70183

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