A high-throughput assay using dysfunctional T cells for phenotypic screening immune checkpoint modulators.

Abstract excerpt

During a prolonged response to virus infection or tumorigenesis, effector T cells are persistently stimulated and become dysfunctional. Dysfunctional T cells overexpress inhibitory regulators, exhibit decreased effector cytokine production, and lose robust effector functions, leading to the failure of antigen/cancer elimination. In the present study, we established a protocol to generate dysfunctional T cells...

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