Article
Mutations Inactivating Biosynthesis of Dispensable Carbohydrate-Antigens Prevented Extinctions in Primate/Human Lineage Evolution.
Journal of molecular evolution - 1 Apr 2025
Galili Uri
Abstract excerpt
The human natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies anti-Gal, anti-Neu5Gc, and anti-Forssman are "living-fossils" that appeared in ancestral apes, monkeys and hominins millions of years ago. These antibodies appeared at various evolutionary periods in few mutated-offspring that lost the ability to synthesize the corresponding dispensable (i.e., nonessential) carbohydrate-antigens, α-gal epitope, Neu5Gc (N-glycolyl...
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