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Synovial Fluid in Knee Osteoarthritis Extends Proinflammatory Niche for Macrophage Polarization

18 Dec 2022

Abstract excerpt

Macrophage polarization is a steering factor of osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Synovial fluid (SF) obtained from OA patients with different Kellgren-Lawrence grades (KL grades) holds several proinflammatory factors and was hypothesized to induce macrophage differentiation and polarization by providing the needed microenvironment. U937 cells and peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cell-derived monocytes (PBMC-derived...

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PMID: 36552878
DOI: 10.3390/cells11244115

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