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Article

Chondrocytes from Osteoarthritis Patients Adopt Distinct Phenotypes in Response to Central TH1/TH2/TH17 Cytokines.

International journal of molecular sciences - 31 Aug 2021

Pemmari Antti, Leppänen Tiina, Hämäläinen Mari, Moilanen Teemu, Moilanen Eeva

Abstract excerpt

Chronic low-grade inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), and several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated to mediate and regulate this process. Out of these cytokines, particularly IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-17 are associated with different phenotypes of T helper (TH) cells and macrophages, both examples of cells known for great phenotypic and functional...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 34502384
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179463
PMCID: PMC8431052

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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