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Article

Unhealthy Behaviours and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomisation Study.

Journal of Parkinson's disease - 1 Jan 2021

Heilbron Karl, Jensen Melanie P, Bandres-Ciga Sara, Fontanillas Pierre, Blauwendraat Cornelis, Nalls Mike A, Singleton Andrew B, Smith George Davey, Cannon Paul, Noyce Alastair J

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking and alcohol intake have been identified in observational studies as potentially protective factors against developing Parkinson's disease (PD); the impact of body mass index (BMI) on PD risk is debated. Whether such epidemiological associations are causal remains unclear. Mendelian randomsation (MR) uses genetic variants to explore the effects of exposures on outcomes; potentially...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 34275906
DOI: 10.3233/JPD-202487
PMCID: PMC8609708

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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