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Article

Understanding the effect of smoking and drinking behavior on Parkinson's disease risk: a Mendelian randomization study.

Scientific reports - 7 Jul 2021

Domínguez-Baleón Carmen, Ong Jue-Sheng, Scherzer Clemens R, Rentería Miguel E, Dong Xianjun

Abstract excerpt

Previous observational studies have identified correlations between Parkinson's disease (PD) risk and lifestyle factors. However, whether or not those associations are causal remains unclear. To infer causality between PD risk and smoking or alcohol intake, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study using genome-wide association study summary statistics from the GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of...

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Identifiers

PMID: 34234189
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93105-y
PMCID: PMC8263722

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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