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Article

Human beta-defensin-1 rs2738047 polymorphism is associated with shisha smoking risk among Saudi population.

Environmental science and pollution research international - 1 Aug 2021

Almutairi Mikhlid, Almutairi Bader, Almutairi Mohammad, Parine Narasimha Reddy, Alrefaei Abdulwahed, Alanazi Mohammad, Semlali Abdelhabib

Abstract excerpt

Human β-defensin (HBD), a member of the antimicrobial peptides, is essential for respiratory epithelial cells' microbial defense, and is affected by cigarette smoking (CS). Its expression is upregulated by stimulation from microbes or inflammation. Genetic polymorphisms in the HBD-1 gene have been implicated in the development of various smoking-related diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...

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Identifiers

PMID: 33826097
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13660-9
PMCID: PMC8025738

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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