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Article

Mendelian randomization provides no evidence for a causal role in the bidirectional relationship between depression and multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) - 1 Nov 2021

Harroud Adil, Marrie Ruth Ann, Fitzgerald Kathryn C, Salter Amber, Lu Yi, Patel Mitulkumar, Kowalec Kaarina

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its incidence rises before MS diagnosis. However, the causality and direction of this association remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to investigate the bidirectional relationship between MS and MDD using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: We selected genetic instruments associated with risk of MDD (n = 660,937 cases;...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 33591230
DOI: 10.1177/1352458521993075
PMCID: PMC8364919

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 6 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-06.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 6 Sept 2026.

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